Characteristics of particular sources and loads

Particular types of electrical sources and loads are covered in this chapter:

• supply sources such as generators or inverters
• loads with special characteristics, such as induction motors, lighting circuits or LV/LV transformers

It provides technical reference on their specificities, how this impacts the electrical installation sizing, in particular how to select the related protection and control switchgear.

Chapter N - Contents

• Protection of a LV generator set and the downstream circuits
  • Generator protection
  • Downstream LV network protection
  • The monitoring functions with a generator
  • Generator Set parallel-connection
• Uninterruptible Power Supply units (UPS)
  • Availability and quality of electrical power
  • Types of static UPSs
  • UPS Batteries
  • System earthing arrangements for installations comprising UPSs
  • Choice of protection schemes with UPS
  • Installation, connection and sizing of cables with UPS
  • The UPSs and their environment
  • Complementary equipment for UPS
• Protection of LV/LV transformers
• Lighting circuits
  • The different lamp technologies
  • LED lighting - characteristics
  • LED lighting - constraints and recommendations
  • LED lamps - choice of circuit breaker
  • LED lamps - choice of contactors
  • Outdoor LED lighting
  • Other lamp technologies - characteristics
  • Other lamp technologies - constraints and recommendations
  • Other lamp technologies - choice of contactors
  • Other lamp technologies - choice of circuit breaker
  • Lighting of building accessible to the public
• Asynchronous motors
  • Motor control systems
  • Motor protection functions
  • Motor monitoring
  • Motor starter configurations
  • Motor protection coordination
  • Basic motor protection scheme: circuit-breaker + contactor + thermal relay
  • Control and protection switching gear (CPS)
  • Intelligent Power and Motor Control Centre (iPMCC)
  • Communication protocols and architectures in iPMCC