The components of a SPD: Difference between revisions

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The SPD chiefly consists of (see {{FigRef|J50}}):
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The SPD chiefly consists of (see '''Fig. J45'''):<br>1)&nbsp; one or more nonlinear components: the live part (varistor, gas discharge tube, etc.);<br>2)&nbsp; a thermal protective device (internal disconnector) which protects it from thermal runaway at end of life (SPD with varistor);<br>3)&nbsp; an indicator which indicates end of life of the SPD;<br>Some SPDs allow remote reporting of this indication;<br>4)&nbsp; an external SCPD which provides protection against short circuits (this device can be integrated into the SPD).
'''1)''' one or more nonlinear components: the live part (varistor, gas discharge tube, etc.);


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'''2)''' a thermal protective device (internal disconnector) which protects it from thermal runaway at end of life (SPD with varistor);


<br>[[Image:Fig J45.jpg|left]] <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>'''''Fig. J45:''' Diagram of a SPD''
'''3)''' an indicator which indicates end of life of the SPD;
: Some SPDs allow remote reporting of this indication;


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'''4)''' an external SCPD which provides protection against short circuits (this device can be integrated into the SPD).


== Technology of the live part''<br>'' ==
{{FigImage|DB422510|svg|J50|Diagram of a SPD}}
 
== Technology of the live part ==


Several technologies are available to implement the live part. They each have advantages and disadvantages:  
Several technologies are available to implement the live part. They each have advantages and disadvantages:  
*Zener diodes;  
*Zener diodes;  
*The gas discharge tube (controlled or not controlled);  
*The gas discharge tube (controlled or not controlled);  
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The table below shows the characteristics and the arrangements of 3 commonly used technologies.  
The table below shows the characteristics and the arrangements of 3 commonly used technologies.  


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{{tb-start|id=Tab1302|num=J51|title=Summary performance table|cols=5}}
 
{| class="wikitable"
<br>
 
{| style="width: 795px; height: 157px" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" width="795" border="1"
|-
|-
| valign="top" bgcolor="#0099cc" | '''Component'''
! Component  
| valign="top" bgcolor="#0099cc" | '''Gas Discharge Tube (GDT)'''
! Gas Discharge Tube (GDT)  
| valign="top" bgcolor="#0099cc" | '''Encapsulated spark gap'''
! Encapsulated spark gap  
| valign="top" bgcolor="#0099cc" | '''Zinc oxide varistor'''&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
! Zinc oxide varistor
| valign="top" bgcolor="#0099cc" | '''GDT and varistor in series'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
! GDT and varistor in series
| valign="top" bgcolor="#0099cc" | '''Encapsulated spark gap and varistor in paralle'''
! Encapsulated spark gap and varistor in parallel
|-
|-
| valign="top" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Characteristics'''  
| {{tb-HC2}} | '''Characteristics'''  
| bgcolor="#0099cc" | &nbsp;
!
| bgcolor="#0099cc" | &nbsp;
!
| bgcolor="#0099cc" | &nbsp;
!
| bgcolor="#0099cc" | &nbsp;
!
| bgcolor="#0099cc" | &nbsp;
!
|-
|-
| bgcolor="#cccccc" | &nbsp;
| {{tb-HC2}} |
| valign="middle" | [[Image:Fig J46a.jpg|center|59x128px]]&nbsp;
| valign="middle" | [[File:DB422511.png]]
| valign="middle" | [[Image:Fig J46b.jpg|center|59x123px]]&nbsp;
| valign="middle" | [[File:DB422512.png]]
| [[Image:Fig J46c.jpg|center]]  
| [[File:DB422513.png]]  
| [[Image:Fig J46d.jpg|center|39x139px]]  
| [[File:DB422514.png]]  
| [[Image:Fig J46e.jpg|center|146x150px]]
| [[File:DB422515.png]]
|-
|-
| valign="top" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Operating mode'''  
| {{tb-HC2}} | '''Operating mode'''  
| valign="top" | Voltage switching  
| Voltage switching  
| valign="top" | Voltage switching  
| Voltage switching  
| valign="top" | Voltage limiting  
| Voltage limiting  
| valign="top" | Voltage-switching and -limiting in series  
| Voltage-switching and -limiting in series  
| valign="top" | Voltage-switching and -limiting in parallel
| Voltage-switching and -limiting in parallel
|-
|-
| valign="top" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Operating&nbsp;curves'''  
| {{tb-HC2}} | '''Operating curves'''  
| valign="middle" align="center" colspan="2" | [[Image:Fig J46f.jpg|center]]  
| valign="middle" align="center" colspan="2" | [[File:DB422516.png]]
| valign="middle" align="center" | [[Image:Fig J46g.jpg|left]]  
| valign="middle" align="center" | [[File:DB422517.png]]
| bgcolor="#cccccc" | &nbsp;
| {{tb-HC2}} |
| bgcolor="#cccccc" | &nbsp;
| {{tb-HC2}} |
|-
|-
| valign="top" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Application'''  
| {{tb-HC2}} | '''Application'''  
| valign="top" |  
|  
*Telecom network  
*Telecom network  
*LV network
*LV network
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(associated with varistor)
(associated with varistor)


| valign="top" | LV network  
| LV network  
| valign="top" | LV network  
| LV network  
| valign="top" | LV network  
| LV network  
| valign="top" | LV network
| LV network
|-
|-
| valign="top" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''SPD Type'''  
| {{tb-HC2}} | '''SPD Type'''  
| valign="top" | Type 2  
| Type 2  
| valign="top" | Type 1  
| Type 1  
| valign="top" | Type 1 ou Type 2  
| Type 1 or Type 2  
| valign="top" | Type 1+ Type 2  
| Type 1+ Type 2  
| valign="top" | Type 1+ Type 2
| Type 1+ Type 2
|}
|}


'''''Fig. J46:''' Summary performance table''
'''Note:''' Two technologies can be installed in the same SPD (see {{FigRef|J52}})
 
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Note: Two technologies can be installed in the same SPD (see '''Fig. J47''')&nbsp;
 
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<br>[[Image:Fig J47.jpg|left]] <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>'''''Fig. J47:''' The Schneider Electric brand PRD SPD incorporates a gas discharge tube between neutral and earth and varistors between phase and neutral''


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{{Gallery|J52|The Schneider Electric brand iPRD SPD incorporates a gas discharge tube between neutral and earth and varistors between phase and neutral||
|PB116777.jpg||
|DB422518.svg||}}

Latest revision as of 17:50, 20 December 2019

The SPD chiefly consists of (see Fig. J50):

1) one or more nonlinear components: the live part (varistor, gas discharge tube, etc.);

2) a thermal protective device (internal disconnector) which protects it from thermal runaway at end of life (SPD with varistor);

3) an indicator which indicates end of life of the SPD;

Some SPDs allow remote reporting of this indication;

4) an external SCPD which provides protection against short circuits (this device can be integrated into the SPD).

Fig. J50 – Diagram of a SPD

Technology of the live part

Several technologies are available to implement the live part. They each have advantages and disadvantages:

  • Zener diodes;
  • The gas discharge tube (controlled or not controlled);
  • The varistor (zinc oxide varistor).

The table below shows the characteristics and the arrangements of 3 commonly used technologies.

Fig. J51 – Summary performance table
Component Gas Discharge Tube (GDT) Encapsulated spark gap Zinc oxide varistor GDT and varistor in series Encapsulated spark gap and varistor in parallel
Characteristics
DB422511.png DB422512.png DB422513.png DB422514.png DB422515.png
Operating mode Voltage switching Voltage switching Voltage limiting Voltage-switching and -limiting in series Voltage-switching and -limiting in parallel
Operating curves DB422516.png DB422517.png
Application
  • Telecom network
  • LV network

(associated with varistor)

LV network LV network LV network LV network
SPD Type Type 2 Type 1 Type 1 or Type 2 Type 1+ Type 2 Type 1+ Type 2

Note: Two technologies can be installed in the same SPD (see Fig. J52)

Fig. J52 – The Schneider Electric brand iPRD SPD incorporates a gas discharge tube between neutral and earth and varistors between phase and neutral
  • PB116777.jpg
  • DB422518.svg
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